As physical therapists, we recognize the critical role that home exercise programs (HEPs) play in the patient care journey. If there were one thing our patients could do daily to accelerate their rehabilitation and enhance long-term outcomes, adherence to a well-designed HEP would be it. Yet, despite their proven effectiveness, only about 30% of patients consistently follow their prescribed programs. By refining our approach to HEPs, we can improve patient adherence and maximize the therapeutic impact.
A home exercise program, or HEP, is a set of prescribed exercises tailored to each patient’s functional deficits and rehabilitation goals. Depending on the patient’s presentation, these programs may incorporate strength, stability, mobility, balance, or specialty exercises, all with the goal of reinforcing in-clinic interventions and fostering self-efficacy. Research consistently demonstrates that adherence to HEPs leads to improved pain levels, functional capacity, and overall health outcomes.
Regardless of diagnosis, function or experience with exercising, patients can derive value from a well-designed home exercise program. For example, in post-ACL reconstruction rehabilitation, higher compliance with a prescribed HEP has been linked to superior knee function, enhanced proprioception, and increased rates of return to sport. Conversely, non-compliance is associated with delayed recovery, reduced patient satisfaction, and suboptimal functional outcomes. This evidence underscores the necessity of equipping patients with the tools, motivation, and education required to integrate HEPs into their daily lives effectively.
To optimize adherence and outcomes, a well-structured HEP should include the following components:
Patients want to feel like they are a part of their rehab experience, so their HEPs should be individualized based on their function level and personal goals. Patients who understand the relevance of their exercises to their daily activities and long-term aspirations are more likely to engage consistently.
One of the most noted barriers to HEP adherence is a lack of time. By incorporating exercises that can be performed with minimal equipment and within a flexible schedule, patients are empowered to take ownership of their rehabilitation. Encouraging patients to integrate exercises into existing routines—such as performing balance exercises while brushing their teeth or engaging in mobility drills while watching TV—can enhance compliance.
Patients who feel confident in their ability to perform exercises correctly and understand their value are more likely to remain engaged. Gradually increasing exercise difficulty and celebrating progress can drive that confidence and promote independence. Educational strategies, including clear instructions, video demonstrations, and real-time feedback, further support confidence and consistency.
Technology can be a powerful adjunct to traditional HEPs. Digital platforms and mobile applications can track patient progress, provide reminders, and facilitate communication between patients and providers. Studies suggest that incorporating digital tools into rehabilitation increases adherence by fostering accountability and engagement.
Home exercise programs are integral to optimizing patient outcomes in physical therapy. By implementing strategies to enhance adherence—through personalization, convenience, and technology integration—we can bridge the gap between in-clinic treatment and long-term functional success. As providers, fostering patient commitment to HEPs is not just about prescribing exercises; it’s about empowering individuals to take an active role in their recovery and overall well-being.
Limber Health's Home Exercise Program platform features more than 7,000 professionally produced exercise videos with voiceover instruction. Limber's HEP platform was designed by our team of Physical Therapists as powerful tool to optimize the provider and patient experience - delivering high quality therapeutic home exercise programs to improve understanding, engagement and outcomes. Request a demo of Limber's Home Exercise Platform to learn more!
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